Played and Tried

Do you remember why we write 'I played' and 'I tried'?

Well, I didn't. So I've searched and got the explanation:

 When the word ends in a consonant plus 'y', you need to change 'y' in 'i' before add 'ed' in the past form. The same to create superlatives and comparatives: easy/easier,easiest. Or plurals: city/cities, etc.

When the word ends in a vowel plus 'y', there is no change!

3rd class

Hello,

at this class we learned about perfect modals.

1. When you regret or want to judge someone, you can use:
   should have + past participle;
   'I should have arrived sooner.'
   'You shouldn't have said that.'
   
   In both cases, it sounds pretty much as their translations to Portuguese.
   'Eu deveria ter chegado antes.'
   'Você não deveria ter dito isto.'
   
   
2. When you want to express a possibility or to speculate, you can use:
   may have, might have + p.p
   'The car might have broken down.'
   If, for instance, you're waiting for some friend and he didn't arrive yet, and never answer his cellphone, like me :)
   You are speculating because there is no evidence that his car has broken down, but you think that is a possible reason.
   
   
3. When you are sure about a scenario that didn't happen but it could have happened, you can use:
   would have + p.p.
   'I would have been a great chef.'
   But if you have some doubt about it, you use:
   could have + p.p.
   'I could have been a great chef.'
   
   It is pretty close but there is a little difference. The first one means you know you would be a great chef. On the other hand, the last one means you have no guarantee.
   
   
4. At last, there is the 'must have'. The book says it is used when you want to do a 'draw conclusion'. It can be confused to know when to use 'must have' or 'might have'. Actually, I don't understand it very well, but I've searched and found this definition.
   
   "Drawing conclusions refers to making an inference based of several bit of information. Usually, all the information available is considered before one draws a conclusion."
   
   So, after to think about the examples given by the book, I believe that if you have no information, you use the 'might have'. Otherwise, if there is any tip use 'must have'.
   To be clear, using the example above:
   
   'The car might have broken down'.
   My friend didn't tell me his car had problems. But, since, he didn't arrived, I speculate it.
   But if I say:
   'My friend said yesterday that his car wasn't good. The car must have broken down.'
   

Well, that's what I understood. If I'm wrong, please, let me know. :)

2nd class

Hi,

at this class, we saw the future in the past. How to talk about an expectation you had? It's close to our 'futuro do pretérito' I think, like:

Eu faria, Eu iria fazer

The book says it is possible to say 'They said they were going to arrive before noon.' instead of 'They said they would arrive before noon.'

But, you can't say: 'She would be a nurse'. It's better to say: 'She was going to be a nurse'.

As the future in the past is 'often used for plans that changed or weren't achieved' there are a list of excuses you can use to express why you couldn't achieve your goals.

You can say:

1. I wanted to be a astronaut but my taste/s changed;
2. I was going to be a musician but it's hard to make a living as a musician;
3. I thought I would be an archtect but I didn't pass the exam;
4. I wanted to become a politician but my wife talked me out of it;
5. I was going to  live abroad but I just changed my mind.

So there are many ways to describe why you decided to do something else. :D

Hello, everyone!

Hello, guys! I'm back to write about our classes. I know I've written a lot of wrong things here last semester :) but it was very good to me because I could practice what I learned and that is the most important to me. I so recommend you try to do something like this.

Well, our dear new teacher has already spoken about many things so far and I'm a little late but, you know, I'm a procrastinator. Lol! I'm going to try to remember what she said until now.

First of all, I missed the initial class. I didn't attended it but I think she started from chapter 6, right? If I'm right, probably she spoke about "life plans" that it's the main issue of the chapter.

There are some expressions or idioms like 'pick someone's brain', 'make one's mind', etc. I tried to do the exercises (Ex. C, p. 63 ) by my own and I think that the answer is: 1d, 2c, 3b, 4f, 5a and 6e. If I did it wrong, please, tell me.

So,  that's it! See you.

The Final Test

Hello, people,

At this class, we had our final test. I hope we were good!

See you in the last class, next Tuesday!

:)

3th class before the end

Hello, guys, how are you?

At this class, we learned plenty of things. But, before that, Teacher has corrected some exercises from the Work Book.

Well, the current chapter (5) is about Natural Disasters. We started with the grammar in lesson 1 that teachs us how to do indirect speechs. The affirmatives are easier, but the negative ones brought me some difficulty because it's unusual. In English, many times you have to change word's order that it's normal to us. Like that:

If you wanna pass this to the indirect speech: Daddy said, "Do your homework!".

It would be like this: Daddy said to do my homework.

or

Daddy said, "Don't go outside"! -> Daddy said not to go outside.

Teacher also told us how to use this terms when we are supposed to change a sentence to indirect speech:

here -> there;
this -> that;
these -> those;
now -> that time, imediately;
tomorrow -> next day, the day after;
yesterday -> previous day, the day before;

It's better to know that frequently we must to modify the verb. For instance,  if we have the following sentence:

They said, "The painting is terrific!". -> They said that the painting was terrific.

or

Norah said, "The show had some problems!". -> Norah said that the show had had some problems.

So, when the verb is in present it changes to the past; and, when the verb is in past, it becomes past perfect.

She said something about "deitics" but I didn't understand to write about it. If someone can help me, it would be great!

4th class to the end

Hello, people,

at this class, I did my little speech about Science Fiction. I liked so much! And you? If you wanna know more about it, I so recommend this book. It's awesome!!

Also teacher has corrected some exercises from the WB.

See you.